In this study, pre- and posttreatment growth velocities were similar between the patients diagnosed with GHD on the second and third tests (Table 2)
B12 deficiency causes fatigue, anemia, and neurologic symptoms, and is more common in older adults, vegans, and those with malabsorption conditions
According to recommendations from nutrition institutes and the World Health Organization (WHO), the daily Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is as follows: Infants 06 months: 0.4 mcg Infants 712 months: 0.5 mcg Children 13 years: 0.9 mcg Children 48 years: 1.2 mcg Children 913 years: 1.8 mcg Teenagers 14+ years and adults: 2.4 mcg Pregnant women: 2.6 mcg Breastfeeding women: 2.8 mcg Receiving adequate daily Vitamin B12 helps reduce the risk of anemia, fatigue, and neurological problems, while supporting optimal metabolic and overall bodily function
However, considering the diversity of gut microbiota and TMAO levels in patients with HF, specific treatment strategies need to be developed